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IBM Tivoli Storage Manager for UNIX: Backup-Archive Clients Installation and User's Guide
The terms in this glossary are defined as they pertain to the IBM Tivoli
Storage Manager library. If you do not find the term you need, refer to
the IBM Software Glossary on the Web at this address: http://www.ibm.com/ibm/terminology/.
You can also refer to IBM Dictionary of Computing, New York:
McGraw-Hill, 1994.
This glossary may include terms and definitions from:
- The American National Standard Dictionary for Information
Systems, ANSI X3.172-1990, copyright (ANSI). You can
purchase copies from the American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd
Street, New York, New York 10036.
- The Information Technology Vocabulary, developed by
Subcommittee 1, Joint Technical Committee 1, of the International Organization
for Standardization and the International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC
JTC2/SC1).
- A
- absolute mode
- A backup copy group mode that specifies that a file is considered for
incremental backup even if the file has not changed since the last
backup. See also mode. Contrast with modified
mode.
- access control list (ACL)
-
- In computer security, a collection of all access rights for one
object.
- In computer security, a list associated with an object that identifies all
the subjects that can access the object and their access rights. For
example, an access control list is a list that is associated with a file that
identifies the users who can access the file and that identifies the
users' access rights to that file.
- ACL
- See access control list.
- active policy set
- The activated policy set that contains the policy rules currently in use
by all client nodes assigned to the policy domain. See also policy set
and policy domain. See also policy domain and policy
set.
- active version
- The most recent backup copy of a file stored by Tivoli Storage
Manager. The active version of a file cannot be deleted until a backup
process detects that the user has either replaced the file with a newer
version or has deleted the file from the workstation. Contrast with
inactive version.
- administrative client
- A program that runs on a file server, workstation, or mainframe that
administrators use to control and monitor the Tivoli Storage Manager
server. Contrast with backup-archive client.
- administrator
- A user who has been registered to the server. Administrators can be
authorized to one or more of the following administrative privilege
classes: system, policy, storage, operator, or analyst.
Administrators can use the administrative commands and queries allowed by
their privileges.
- aggregate data transfer rate
- Dividing the total number of bytes transferred by the elapsed processing
time calculates the data transfer rate.
- archive
- To copy one or more files to a storage pool for long-term storage.
Archived files can include descriptive information, and you can retrieve them
by archive date, file name, or by description. Contrast with
retrieve.
- archive copy
- A file or group of files that have been archived to the Tivoli Storage
Manager server.
- archive copy group
- A policy object containing attributes that control the generation,
destination, and expiration of archived files. An archive copy group
belongs to a management class.
- archive retention grace period
- The number of days that Tivoli Storage Manager retains an archived copy
when the server is unable to rebind the file to an appropriate management
class.
- authentication
- The process of checking and authorizing a user's password before
allowing that user to access the Tivoli Storage Manager server. An
administrator with system privilege can enable or disable
authentication.
- authorization rule
- A specification allowing another user to either restore or retrieve a
user's files from Tivoli Storage Manager storage.
- Authorized User
- A user who has administrative authority for the Tivoli Storage Manager
client on a workstation. This user changes passwords, performs open
registrations, and deletes file spaces. An Authorized User is any user
running with a real user ID of 0 (root) or a user who owns an executable whose
owner execution permission bit is set to s. In the following
example, the user tivoli is an Authorized User while running
dsmc since the dsmc owner execution permission bit is
set to s:
-rwsr-xr-x 1 tivoli dsmdev 2880479 Nov 5 13:42 dsmc*
- automounted file system (AutoFS)
- A file system managed by an automounter daemon. The automounter
daemon monitors a specified directory path and automatically mounts the file
system to access data.
- B
- back up
- To copy information to another location to ensure against loss of
data. In IBM Tivoli Storage Manager, you can back up user files, the
IBM Tivoli Storage Manager database, and storage pools. Contrast with
restore. See also incremental backup.
- backup-archive client
- A program that runs on a file server, PC, or workstation and provides a
means for users to back up, archive, restore, and retrieve files.
Contrast with administrative client.
- backup copy group
- A policy object containing attributes controlling the generation,
destination, and expiration of backup versions of files. The backup
copy group belongs to a management class.
- backup retention grace period
- The number of days Tivoli Storage Manager retains a backup version when
the server is unable to rebind the file to an appropriate management
class.
- backup version
- A file that a user backed up to server storage. More than one
backup version can exist in server storage, but only one backup version is the
active version. See also active version and
inactive version.
- binding
- The process of associating a file with a management class name. See
also rebinding.
- boot
- To prepare a computer system for operation by loading an operating
system.
- C
- CAD
- Client acceptor daemon
- central schedule
- A function that allows an administrator to schedule client operations and
administrative commands. The operations can be scheduled to occur
periodically or on a specific date. See client
schedule.
- client
- A program running on a PC, workstation, file server, LAN server, or
mainframe that requests services of another program, called the server.
The following types of clients can obtain services from a Tivoli Storage
Manager server: administrative client, application client, API client,
backup-archive client, and HSM client (also known as Tivoli Storage Manager
for Space Management). See administrative client and
backup-archive client.
- client acceptor
- A Web client process that is an HTTP daemon that serves the Web client
Java applet to the Web browsers. The program that starts the client
acceptor process is called dsmcad. On UNIX, the client acceptor is run
as a daemon.
- client domain
- The set of drives, file systems, or volumes that a user selects to back up
or archive using the backup-archive client.
- client node
- A file server or workstation on which the backup-archive client program
has been installed, and which has been registered to the server.
- client options set
- Client option sets allow the Tivoli Storage Manager administrator to
specify additional options that may not be included in the client options file
(dsm.opt). Client option sets are used in conjunction with
client option files on client nodes.
- client-polling scheduling mode
- A client and server communication technique where the client node queries
the server for scheduled work. Contrast with server-prompted
scheduling mode.
- client/server
- A communications network architecture in which one or more programs
(clients) request computing or data services from another program (the
server).
- client system options file
- An editable file that contains communication, authorization, central
scheduling, backup, archive, and space management options. A root user
on your workstation sets the options in a client system options file.
The file name is dsm.sys located in your Tivoli Storage
Manager installation directory.
- client user options file
- A user-editable file containing options that identify the Tivoli Storage
Manager server to contact, specify backup, archive, restore, retrieve, and
space management options, and set date, time, and number formats. The
file name is dsm.opt located in your Tivoli Storage Manager
installation directory.
- closed registration
- A registration process in which a Tivoli Storage Manager administrator
must register workstations as client nodes with the server. Contrast
with open registration.
- command line interface
- A type of user interface where commands are specified on the command
line. Contrast with graphical user interface.
- communication method
- The method by which a client and server exchange information. For
Tivoli Storage Manager backup-archive clients, the method can be
TCP/IP. See Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol.
- communication protocol
- A set of defined interfaces that permits computers to communicate with
each other.
- copy group
- A policy object that contains attributes that control backup and archive
file:
- Generation
- Destination
- Expiration.
Backup and archive copy groups belong to management classes. See
frequency, destination, mode,
retention, serialization, and version.
- D
- default management class
- A management class assigned to a policy set. This class is used to
govern backed up or archived files when a user does not explicitly associate a
file with a specific management class through the include-exclude list.
- destination
- A copy group attribute that specifies the storage pool in which to back up
or archive a file. At installation, Tivoli Storage Manager provides two
storage destinations named backuppool and
archivepool.
- domain
- See policy domain or client domain.
- drag
- Move the mouse while holding down the mouse button, thus moving the
selected object.
- drag-and-drop
- Move (drag) an object on top of another object and release the mouse
button, thus relocating the object.
- dsm.opt file
- See options file. See also client user options
file. Also called client user options file.
- dsm.sys file
- See client system options file.
- dynamic
- A copy group serialization value that specifies Tivoli Storage Manager
accept the first attempt to back up or archive an object, regardless of any
changes made during backup or archive processing. See
serialization. Contrast with shared static and
static.
- E
- error log
- A text file written on disk that contains Tivoli Storage Manager
processing error messages. The Tivoli Storage Manager server detects
and saves these errors.
- exclude
- To identify files in an include-exclude list that you do not want to
include in a specific client operation, such as backup or archive.
- exabyte (EB)
- (1) For processor storage, real and virtual storage, and channel volume,
1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bytes. (2) For disk storage capacity and
communications volume, 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes.
- expiration
- The process in which files are identified for deletion because their
expiration date or retention period is passed. Backups or archives are
marked for deletion based on the criteria defined in the backup or archive
copy group.
- F
- file server
- A dedicated computer and its peripheral storage devices connected to a
local area network that stores both programs and files shared by users on the
network.
- file space
- A logical space on the Tivoli Storage Manager server that contains a group
of files. In Tivoli Storage Manager, users can restore, retrieve, or
delete file spaces from Tivoli Storage Manager storage. A file space
for systems:
- Windows-- file spaces for removable media are identified
by volume label. Fixed drive file spaces are identified by Universal
Naming Convention (UNC) name.
- UNIX -- Logical space that contains a group of files
backed up or archived from the same file system, or part of a file system
defined with the virtualmountpoint option in the client system options
file.
- frequency
- A copy group attribute that specifies the minimum interval, in days,
between incremental backups.
- fuzzy backup
- A backup version of a file that might not accurately reflect what is
currently in the file because the file was backed up at the same time as it
was being modified.
- fuzzy copy
- An archive copy of a file that might not accurately reflect what is
currently in the file because Tivoli Storage Manager archived the file while
the file was being modified.
- G
- group backup
- Back up of a group containing a list of files from one or more file space
origins.
- generate password
- Processing that stores a new password in an encrypted password file when
the old password expires. Automatic generation of a password prevents
password prompting. Password generation can be set in the options file
(passwordaccess option). See options file.
- gigabyte (GB)
- (1) One billion (109) bytes. (2) When referring to
memory capacity, 1 073 741 824 in decimal notation.
- globally unique identifier (GUID)
- A 16-byte code that identifies an interface to an object across all
computers and networks. The identifier is unique because it contains a
time stamp and a code based on the network address that is hard-wired on the
host computer's LAN interface card.
- GPFS node set
- A set of AIX SP nodes that can mount a defined group of GPFS file
systems.
- graphical user interface (GUI)
- A graphical user interface offers pictorial rather than text-based access
to a computer. A graphical user interface includes:
- A combination of graphics and icons
- Use of a mouse or pointing device
- Menu bars, dropdown lists, and overlapping windows
Contrast with command line interface. See windowed
interface.
- GUI
- Graphical user interface.
- H
- hierarchical storage management client
- A program that runs on a workstation or file server to provide space
management services. The hierarchical storage management client
automatically migrates eligible files to Tivoli Storage Manager storage to
maintain specific levels of free space on local file systems. Automatic
recalls are made for migrated files when they are accessed. Users are
also permitted to migrate and recall specific files.
- HSM
- Hierarchical Storage Management.
- I
- image
- A full file system or raw logical volume backup as a single object.
- inactive version
- A copy of a backup file in Tivoli Storage Manager storage that either is
not the most recent version, or the corresponding original file was deleted
from the client file system. Inactive backup versions are eligible for
expiration according to the management class assigned to the file.
- include-exclude file
- A file containing statements to determine the files to back up and the
associated management classes to use for backup or archive. See
include-exclude list.
- include-exclude list
- A list of include and exclude options that include or exclude selected
files for backup. An exclude option identifies files that should not be
backed up. An include option identifies files that are exempt from the
exclusion rules or assigns a management class to a file or a group of files
for backup or archive services. The include-exclude list is defined in
one or more include-exclude files or in the client system options file
(dsm.sys) file. The include-exclude list may contain entries
from any or all of the following sources: the client options file
(Windows), the client system options file (Unix), separate include-exclude
files, or the Tivoli Storage Manager server. See client system
options file.
- incremental backup
- A function that permits user to back up new or changed files or
directories from a client domain or from specified file systems, directories,
or files. These file systems, directories, or files are not excluded in
the include-exclude list and meet the requirements for frequency, mode, and
serialization as defined by a backup copy group of the management class
assigned to each file. Contrast with selective
backup.
- inode
- A data structure that describes the individual files in an operating
system. There is one inode for each file. The number of inodes
in a file system, and therefore the maximum number of files a file system can
contain, is set when the file system is created. Hardlinked files share
the same inode.
- inode number
- A number that specifies a particular inode in a file system.
- IPL
- Initial Program Load. See boot and
reboot.
- L
- LAN
- Local area network.
- LAN-free data transfer
- The movement of client data between the client and a storage device over a
SAN, bypassing the LAN.
- Local Area Network (LAN)
- A variable-sized communications network placed in one location. LAN
connects servers, PCs, workstations, a network operating system, access
methods, and communications software and links.
- logical unit number (LUN)
- A logical unit number (LUN) is a unique identifier used on a SCSI bus that
enables it to differentiate between up to eight separate devices (each of
which is a logical unit). Each LUN is a unique number that identifies a
specific logical unit, which may be a hard disk, tape drive, or other device
which understands the SCSI protocol.
- logical volume backup
- A back up of a file system or logical volume as a single object
- Loopback Virtual File System (LOFS)
- A file system created by mounting a directory over another local
directory, also known as mount-over-mount. A LOFS can also be generated
using an automounter.
- M
- management class
- A policy object that is a named collection of copy groups. A
management class is associated with a file to specify how the server should
manage backup versions or archive copies of workstation files. See
binding and copy group.
- mode
- A copy group attribute that specifies whether a backup file should be
created for a file that was not modified since the last time the file was
backed up. See absolute and modified.
- modified
- A backup copy group attribute indicating a file is considered for backup
only if the file has been changed since the last backup. A file is
considered changed if the date, size, owner, or permissions have
changed. See absolute and mode.
- N
- NAS node
- A type of node that is a NAS file server. The NAS node name
uniquely identifies the NAS file server and its data to Tivoli Storage
Manager. Through support of Network Data Management Protocol (NDMP),
Tivoli Storage Manager can efficiently back up and restore NAS file systems to
tape drives or libraries that are locally attached to the NAS file
servers.
- NDMP
- Network Data Management Protocol.
- Network Attached Storage (NAS) file server
- A network attached storage (NAS) device is a specialized file-serving box
whose operating system is streamlined and optimized for file-serving
functions. Through support of Network Data Management Protocol (NDMP),
Tivoli Storage Manager can efficiently back up and restore NAS file systems to
tape drives or libraries that are locally attached to the NAS file
servers.
- Network Data Management Protocol
- Open standard network protocol. Enables efficient back up and
restore of Network Attached Storage (NAS) file systems to tape drives or
libraries that are locally attached to the NAS file servers.
- network data transfer rate
- The data transfer rate calculated by dividing the total number of bytes
transferred by the data transfer time. For example, the time spent
transferring data over the network.
- node
- See client node.
- node name
- A unique name used to identify a workstation, file server, or PC to the
server.
- O
- open registration
- A registration process in which users can register their own workstations
or PCs as client nodes with the server. Contrast with closed
registration.
- options file
- A file that contains processing options.
- dsm.opt
Identifies the Tivoli Storage Manager server to contact, specifies backup,
archive, restore, and retrieve options. Also called the client user
options file.
- dsm.sys
Contains stanzas describing Tivoli Storage Manager servers to contact for
services. These stanzas also specify communication methods, backup and
archive options, and scheduling options. Also called the client system
options file.
- owner
- The owner of backup-archive files sent from a multi-user client node, such
as AIX.
- P
- pattern-matching character
- See wildcard character.
- plug-in
- A self-contained software component that modifies (adds or changes)
function in a particular software system. When you add a plug-in to a
software system, the foundation of the original software system remains
intact.
- policy domain
- A policy object that contains one or more policy sets. Client nodes
are associated with a policy domain. See policy set,
management class, and copy group.
- policy set
- A policy object that contains a group of management class definitions that
exist for a policy domain. At any one time, there can be many policy
sets within a policy domain, but only one policy set can be active. See
active policy set and management class.
- progress indicator
- A control used to inform a user about the progress of a process.
- R
- raw logical volume
- A portion of a physical volume which is comprised of unallocated blocks
and has no Journaled File System (JFS) definition. A raw logical volume
is read/write accessible only through low level I/O functions.
- rebinding
- The process of associating a backup with a new management class
name. For example, rebinding occurs when the management class
associated with a file is deleted. See also binding.
- reboot
- To restart the operating system.
- registration
- The process of identifying a client node or administrator to the server by
specifying a user ID, password, and contact information. For client
nodes, a policy domain, compression status, and deletion privileges are also
specified.
- restore
- A function that permits users to copy a version of a backup file from the
storage pool to a workstation or file server. The backup copy in the
storage pool is not affected. Contrast with backup.
- retention
- The amount of time, in days, that inactive backed up or archived files are
retained in the storage pool before they are deleted. The following
copy group attributes define retention: retain extra versions, retain
only version, retain version.
- retrieve
- A function permitting users to copy an archived file from the storage pool
to the workstation or file server. The archive copy in the storage pool
is not affected. Contrast with archive.
- root user (UNIX)
- The authority level for a root user permits this user to do authorized
tasks for Tivoli Storage Manager.
- S
- SAN
- Storage area network.
- scheduling mode
- The type of scheduling operation for the client-server node. Tivoli
Storage Manager supports two scheduling modes: client-polling and
server-prompted.
- scroll
- Move through a list of items in a window by operating the scrollbars with
the mouse cursor.
- select
- Choose an item from a list or group of items.
- selective backup
- A function permitting users to back up specified files. These files
are not excluded in the include-exclude list and meet the requirement for
serialization in the backup copy group of the management class assigned to
each file. Contrast with incremental backup.
- serialization
- A copy group attribute that specifies whether a file can be modified
during a backup or archive operation. See static,
dynamic, shared static, and shared
dynamic.
- server
- A program running on a mainframe, workstation, or file server that
provides shared services such as backup and archive to other various (often
remote) programs (called clients).
- server-prompted scheduling mode
- A client-server communication technique where the server contacts the
client node when tasks need to be done. Contrast with
sclient-polling scheduling mode.
- session
- A period of time in which a user can communicate with a server to perform
backup, archive, restore, or retrieve requests.
- shared dynamic
- A Tivoli Storage Manager copy group serialization mode. This mode
specifies if a file changes during backup or archive and continues to change
after a number of retries. The last retry commits the file to the
Tivoli Storage Manager server whether or not the file changed during backup or
archive. Contrast with dynamic, shared static,
and static.
- shared static
- A copy group serialization value specifying that a file must not be
modified during a backup or archive operation. Tivoli Storage Manager
attempts to retry the operation a number of times. If the file is in
use during each attempt, the file is not backed up or archived. See
serialization. Contrast with dynamic, shared
dynamic, and static.
- share point
- A drive or directory on Windows 2000, XP, and .NET whose files are
available for shared access across a network. The share point name is
part of a UNC name. See Universal Naming Convention (UNC)
name.
- shift-click
- Click on an item while pressing the Shift key.
- space management
- The process of keeping sufficient free storage space available on a local
file system for new data and making the most efficient and economical use of
distributed storage resources.
- sparse file
- A file that is created with a length greater than the data it contains,
leaving empty spaces for future addition of data.
- special files
- Special files define devices for the system or temporary files created by
processes. There are three basic types of special files: FIFO
(first-in, first-out), block, and character. FIFO files are also called
pipes. Pipes are created by one process to temporarily allow
communication with another process. These files cease to exist when the
first process finishes. Block and character files define
devices. Tivoli Storage Manager processes only device and named pipe
special files. Socket special files are not processed.
- snapshot image backup
- During an snapshot image backup, the volume is available to other system
applications during the operation.
- stabilized file space
- A file space that exists on the server but not on the client. This
situation can arise in at least two instances:
- A drive is removed from a client workstation
- A file space is renamed on the server
Stabilized file spaces remain on the server until deleted by the user or
administrator. Files and directories can be restored and retrieved from
a stabilized file space. However, it is not possible to back up or
archive data to a stabilized file space.
- stanza
- In the AIX OS, a stanza is a group of lines in a file that together have a
common function or define a part of the system. The Tivoli Storage
Manager Client System Options file (dsm.sys) contains a
stanza for each server to which the client can connect. Each stanza
begins with the servername option and ends at the next
servername option or the end of file, whichever comes first.
Each stanza must include communications options.
- static
- A copy group serialization value specifying that a file must not be
modified during a backup or archive operation. If the file is in use
during the first attempt, Tivoli Storage Manager will not back up or archive
the file. See serialization. Contrast with
dynamic, shared dynamic, and shared
static.
- storage area network (SAN)
- A high-speed communications network optimized for storage.
- storage agent
- A program that enables Tivoli Storage Manager to back up and restore
client data directly to and from SAN-attached storage.
- storage pool
- A named set of storage volumes used as the destination of backup, archive,
or migrated copies.
- T
- TCA
- Trusted Communications Agent
- TCP/IP
- Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
- timeout
- A time event involving:
- An event that happens at the end of a predetermined period of time that
began at the happening of another specified event.
- A time interval allotted for certain operations to happen. For
example, response to polling or addressing before system operation is
interrupted and must be restarted.
- A terminal feature that logs off a user if an entry is not made within a
specified period of time.
- Tivoli Storage Manager
- A client-server licensed program product that provides storage management
and data access services to customers in a multivendor computer
environment.
- Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
- A standard set of communication protocols that supports peer-to-peer
connectivity of functions for both local and wide-area networks.
- Trusted Communications Agent (TCA)
- A program that can handle the sign-on password protocol when password
access is generated. The main process (for example, dsmj,
dsmc) makes a run time decision based on the password access option
setting, the user ID, and the executables' access privileges to run this
program. The file that contains this program must have the
's' bit set in its mode field and the owner must be root.
- V
- version
- Storage management policy may allow back-level copies of backed up objects
to be kept at the server whenever an object is newly backed up. The
most recent backed up copy is called the "active" version. Earlier
copies are "inactive" versions. The following backup copy group
attributes define version criteria: versions data exists, and versions
data deleted.
- W
- wildcard character
- An asterisk (*) or question mark (?) character used to represent multiple
(*) or single (?) characters when searching for various combinations of
characters in alphanumeric and symbolic names.
- windowed interface
- A type of user interface that is either a graphical user interface or a
text-based interface. The text-based interface maintains a close
affinity to the graphical user interface, including action bars and their
associated pull-down menus and windows. See graphical user
interface.
- workstation
- A programmable high-level workstation (usually on a network) with its own
processing hardware such as a high-performance personal computer. In a
local area network, a personal computer that acts as a single user or
client. A workstation can also be used as a server.
- world wide name
- A unique 48 or 64 bit number assigned by a recognized naming authority
(often via block assignment to a manufacturer) that identifies a connection or
a set of connections to the network. Abbreviated WWN. A WWN is
assigned for the life of a connection (device). Most networking
technologies (e.g., Ethernet, FDDI, etc.) use a world
wide name convention.
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